ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study was done to compare the rates of hemolysis and repeated sampling in blood samples obtained by a syringe needle versus a vacuum tube needle. METHODS: A randomized, prospective study was used to evaluate the differences between the two blood sampling methods. The study group consisted of patients seen in the emergency department (ED) for blood sampling to determine electrolyte level. ED patients were randomly assigned to either the syringe group or the vacuum tube group. All blood samples were collected by experienced ED nurses and hemolysis was determined by experienced laboratory technologists. Data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test and binary logistic regression. RESULTS: One hundred forty-five valid samples were collected (74 in the syringe group versus 71 in the vacuum tube group). 5 of 74 (6.8%) blood samples in the syringe group and 8 of 71 (11.3%) in the vacuum tube group hemolyzed. Repeated blood sampling occurred for 2 of 74 (2.7%) and 3 of 71 (4.2%) in each group respectively. There were no significant differences in rates of hemolysis and repeated sampling between two groups (B=1.97, p=.204; B=2.36, p=.345). CONCLUSION: Venipuncture with syringe needles can be recommended for ED nurses to obtain blood samples.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Blood Specimen Collection/instrumentation , Emergency Service, Hospital , Hemolysis , Logistic Models , Phlebotomy , Prospective Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , SyringesABSTRACT
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), a pleiotropic growth factor, is a potent inhibitor of cellular proliferation in cells of epithelial origin. Recently, it has been suggested that a loss of sensitivity to TGF-beta through a loss of expression of TGF-beta receptors T beta R-I and T beta R-II--is associated with tumor initiation and progression. Therefore, to investigate the relationship between TGF-beta receptors expression and carcinogenesis of bladder TCC, this study examined the expression of T beta R-I and T beta R-II in 46 bladder TCC patients using immunohistochemistry. Since histopathological grade is a widely accepted marker of prognosis, the results were compared in relation to the three grades of bladder TCC. The results demonstrated that the loss of TGF-beta receptors expression is associated with increasing histopathological grades of bladder TCC. Specifically, both T beta R-I and T beta R-II were readily detected in all 10 normal bladder mucosa specimens. Likewise, all 6 specimens of grade I TCC samples expressed high levels of both TGF-beta receptors. However, among grade II TCC samples, T beta R-I and T beta R-II were detected in 78% and 89%, respectively: among grade III TCC samples, T beta R-I and T beta R-II were detected in 45% and 41%, respectively. These results suggested that loss of sensitivity to TGF-beta may play a role in the progression of TCC from low to high grade disease.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Humans , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/metabolism , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/metabolism , Middle Aged , Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism , Reference ValuesABSTRACT
The diagnostic value of the DNA polymerase chain reaction for the detection of M. tuberculosis in tuberculous meningitis uas established by using cerebrospinal fluids obtained from 7 bacteriologically confirmed patients (Group IA), 17 clinically diagnosed patients (Group IB), 21 patients with other bacterial or viral meningitis (Group IIA) and two norrnal persons (Group IIB) The PCR was perforrned with P1 and P2 primer set which directed against the 123bp segment of IS5110. A repetitive sequence of M. tuberculosis chromosome. The sensitivity and specificity of the PCR for the detection of M. tuberculosis was evaluated by using DNAs purified from cultured M tuberculosis and M intracellulare . The detection limit by the PCR amplication with Pl and P2 primer was lfg of DNA for M. tuberculosis and lpg for M. intracellulare indicating that the PCR was very sensitive for M. tubererculosis DNA detection; although weakly cross-reactive with DNA of M. tuberculosis. Of the 7 cerebrospinnal fluids from bacterologically proven tuberculous meningitis patients (Group IA), 7 samples were all positive by PCR (10Q%). 15 sarnples of 17 the AFB smear-negative and culture-negative samples from tuberculous meningitis patients (Group IB) were positive by PCR (88.2%) and 2 of 2l sanples from other meningitis patients (Group IIA) showed positive reaction (9.5%). There were no sarnples whick showed positive reaction by PCR among 2 sarnples from normal persons (Group IIB). This results indicated that the PCR using P1 and P2 primer set was useful for the early diagosis of tuberculous meningitis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cerebrospinal Fluid , DNA , Limit of Detection , Meningitis , Meningitis, Viral , Penicillin G Benzathine , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid , Sensitivity and Specificity , Tuberculosis , Tuberculosis, MeningealABSTRACT
The rupture of ventricular septum complicating acute myocardial infarction requires prompt recognition for the correct management of the patient. The diagnosis of this condition had required right heart catheterization. We performed two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography in patients with systolic murmur after acute myocardioal infarction. Ventricular septal defect was found at lower interventricular septum by mapping technique of pulsed wave Doppler system and obtained high velocity Doppler tracting by continuous wave Doppler echocardiography. Doppler echocardiography could be useful noninvasive method for detection of ventricular septal rupture after acute myocardial infarction.